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| date = 23 August 1765〔Maung Maung Tin, Vol. 1, p. 285〕 – 7 April 1767〔Maung Maung Tin, Vol. 1, p. 303〕〔Wyatt, p. 118〕 (1 year, 7 months, and 15 days) | place = Tenasserim, Siam | result = Burmese victory End of Ayutthaya Kingdom | territory= Burma temporarily captures Ayutthaya and permanently annexes lower Tenasserim〔Harvey, p. 202〕 | combatant1 = 20pxKonbaung Dynasty (Burma) | combatant2 = 20px Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) | commander1 = 20px Hsinbyushin 20px Maha Nawrahta 20px Ne Myo Thihapate | commander2 = 20px Ekkathat 20px Uthumphon 20px Taksin | units1 = 22px Royal Burmese Army including: :22px Shan regiments :22px Laotian regiments :22px Mon levies :22px Cassay Horse :22px Siamese levies | units2 = 20px Royal Siamese Army | strength1 = Initial invasion force: 40,000〔Harvey, p. 250〕 to 50,000〔Kyaw Thet, pp. 300–301〕 * Northern front: 20,000 * Southern front: 20,000–30,000 Nonthaburi: 20,000〔 Outer Ayutthaya: 50,000〔Htin Aung, p. 184〕 Siege of Ayutthaya: 40,000+ | strength2 = Initial defenses: * Northern front: unknown * Southern front: over 60,000〔 Nonthaburi: 60,000〔 Outer Ayutthaya: 50,000〔 Siege of Ayutthaya: unknown | casualties1 = | casualties2 = }} The Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) ((ビルマ語:ယိုးဒယား-မြန်မာစစ် (၁၇၆၅–၁၇၆၇)); (タイ語:สงครามคราวเสียกรุงศรีอยุธยาครั้งที่สอง), lit. "war of the second fall of Ayutthaya") was the second military conflict between the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and the Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty of Siam (Thailand), and the war that ended the four-century-old Siamese kingdom.〔Harvey, pp. 250–253〕 Nonetheless, the Burmese were soon forced to give up their hard-won gains when the Chinese invasions of their homeland forced a complete withdrawal by the end of 1767. A new Siamese dynasty, to which the current Thai monarchy traces its origins, emerged to reunify Siam by 1770.〔 This war was the continuation of the war of 1759–1760. The casus belli of this war were also the control of the Tenasserim coast and its trade, and the Siamese support for the rebels in the Burmese border regions.〔Baker, et al, p. 21〕〔 The war began in August 1765 when a 20,000-strong northern Burmese army invaded northern Siam, and was joined in by three southern armies of over 20,000 in October, in a pincer movement on Ayutthaya. By late January 1766, the Burmese armies had overcome numerically superior but poorly coordinated Siamese defences, and converged before the Siamese capital.〔〔Phayre, pp. 188–189〕 The siege of Ayutthaya began during the first Chinese invasion of Burma. The Siamese believed that if they could hold out until the rainy season, the seasonal flooding of the Ayutthayan central plain would force a retreat. But King Hsinbyushin of Burma believed that the Chinese war was a minor border dispute, and decided to continue the siege. During the rainy season of 1766 (June–October), the battle moved to the waters of the flooded plain but failed to change the status quo.〔〔 When the dry season came, the Chinese launched a much larger invasion but Hsinbyushin still refused to recall the troops. In March 1767, King Ekkathat of Siam offered to become a tributary but the Burmese demanded an unconditional surrender.〔 On 7 April 1767, the Burmese sacked the starving city for the second time in history, committing atrocities that have left a major black mark on Burmese-Thai relations to the present day. Thousands of Siamese captives were relocated to Burma. The Burmese occupation was short-lived. In November 1767, the Chinese again invaded with their largest force yet, finally convincing Hsinbyushin to withdraw his forces from Siam. In the ensuing Siamese civil war, Taksin's Thonburi forces emerged the sole winner by mid-1770. The Burmese had also defeated a fourth Chinese invasion by December 1769. By then, a new stalemate had taken hold. Burma had annexed the lower Tenasserim coast but again failed to eliminate Siam as the sponsor of rebellions in her eastern and southern borderlands. In the following years, Hsinbyushin was preoccupied by the Chinese threat, and did not renew the Siamese war until 1775—only after Lan Na had revolted again with Siamese support. The post-Ayutthaya Siamese leadership proved more than capable; they defeated the next two invasions (1775–1776 and 1785–1786), and annexed Lan Na in the process. ==Background== The Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) was the continuation of the war of 1759–1760, the ''casus belli'' of which was a dispute over the control of the Tenasserim coast and its trade,〔Baker, et al, p. 21〕 and Siamese support for ethnic Mon rebels of the fallen Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom of Lower Burma.〔Steinberg, et al, p. 102〕 The 1760 war, which claimed the life of the dynasty founder King Alaungpaya, was inconclusive. Although Burma regained control of the upper Tenasserim coast to Tavoy (Dawei), it achieved none of its other objectives. Following the war, the new Burmese king Naungdawgyi was beset with rebellions in Ava and Toungoo, and instabilities spread to the border regions. Lan Na (Chiang Mai) was in open rebellion (1761–1763) with active Siamese support. (Siam even sent an army in support of the rebels. However, the Siamese chronicles claim that the army did not engage in the fighting because the Burmese army had already defeated the rebellion.〔Wyatt, p. 117〕) In the Burmese south too, the Siamese readily provided shelter to the defeated ethnic Mon rebels who had raised an unsuccessful rebellion in 1762. Things calmed down for a moment after the Lan Na rebellion was suppressed in January 1763. Naungdawgyi, who had been putting down multiple rebellions since his accession, was eager to lead a peaceful reign. He chose not to renew a war with Siam despite Siam's active support of the Lan Na rebellion and continued sheltering of Mon rebels. But Naundawgyi died in November 1763, and was succeeded by his brother Hsinbyushin who had wanted to continue the war with Siam since the end of the last war.〔Harvey, pp. 247–248〕 The Siamese leadership was alarmed by Hsinbyushin's accession. Knowing that another war was inevitable, the Siamese leadership accelerated their policy of keeping Burmese regions unstable. In mid-1764, the Siamese successfully encouraged the ethnic Mon governor of Tavoy, who was appointed by Alaungpaya only four years earlier, to switch sides. Hsinbyushin was forced to send an army led by Maha Nawrahta, who retook Tavoy in November 1764. Likewise, instabilities resumed in Lan Na right after the Burmese army left in February 1764, forcing the Burmese to return to the region later in the year. By January 1765, the Burmese armies were massed at Tavoy in the south and Chiang Mai in the north, preparing for the next war. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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